S100A9 report

I. Expression across cell types

II. Expression across tissues

III. Associated gene sets

GO_0006919Biological processactivation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
GO_0002544Biological processchronic inflammatory response
GO_0050832Biological processdefense response to fungus
GO_0006954Biological processinflammatory response
GO_0098869Biological processcellular oxidant detoxification
GO_0035425Biological processautocrine signaling
GO_0070488Biological processneutrophil aggregation
GO_0010976Biological processpositive regulation of neuron projection development
GO_0030307Biological processpositive regulation of cell growth
GO_0032119Biological processsequestering of zinc ion
GO_0045087Biological processinnate immune response
GO_0051493Biological processregulation of cytoskeleton organization
GO_0045113Biological processregulation of integrin biosynthetic process
GO_2001244Biological processpositive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
GO_0030593Biological processneutrophil chemotaxis
GO_0002523Biological processleukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response
GO_0007267Biological processcell-cell signaling
GO_0051092Biological processpositive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
GO_0060264Biological processregulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response
GO_0043542Biological processendothelial cell migration
GO_0035606Biological processpeptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation
GO_0035821Biological processmodulation of process of another organism
GO_0018119Biological processpeptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
GO_0042742Biological processdefense response to bacterium
GO_0006915Biological processapoptotic process
GO_0014002Biological processastrocyte development
GO_0061844Biological processantimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide
GO_0006914Biological processautophagy
GO_0050729Biological processpositive regulation of inflammatory response
GO_0034121Biological processregulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
GO_0032496Biological processresponse to lipopolysaccharide
GO_0005615Cellular componentextracellular space
GO_0005856Cellular componentcytoskeleton
GO_0005576Cellular componentextracellular region
GO_0005886Cellular componentplasma membrane
GO_1990660Cellular componentcalprotectin complex
GO_0070062Cellular componentextracellular exosome
GO_0062023Cellular componentcollagen-containing extracellular matrix
GO_0034774Cellular componentsecretory granule lumen
GO_0005829Cellular componentcytosol
GO_0005737Cellular componentcytoplasm
GO_1990662Cellular componentS100A9 complex
GO_0005634Cellular componentnucleus
GO_0035662Molecular functionToll-like receptor 4 binding
GO_0048306Molecular functioncalcium-dependent protein binding
GO_0016209Molecular functionantioxidant activity
GO_0008270Molecular functionzinc ion binding
GO_0008017Molecular functionmicrotubule binding
GO_0050544Molecular functionarachidonic acid binding
GO_0050786Molecular functionRAGE receptor binding
GO_0005509Molecular functioncalcium ion binding
GO_0005515Molecular functionprotein binding

IV. Literature review

[source]
Gene nameS100A9
Protein nameProtein S100-A9 (Calgranulin-B) (Calprotectin L1H subunit) (Leukocyte L1 complex heavy chain) (Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14) (MRP-14) (p14) (S100 calcium-binding protein A9)
SynonymsCFAG
MRP14
CAGB
DescriptionFUNCTION: S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response . It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism . Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions . The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase . Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX . The extracellular functions involve pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities . Its pro-inflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration . Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER) . Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the pro-inflammatory cascade . Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth . Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3 . Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK . Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants . Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread . Has transnitrosylase activity; in oxidatively-modified low-densitity lipoprotein (LDL(ox))-induced S-nitrosylation of GAPDH on 'Cys-247' proposed to transfer the NO moiety from NOS2/iNOS to GAPDH via its own S-nitrosylated Cys-3 . The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to also direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif . .

AccessionsENST00000368738.4
P06702