ISG15 report

I. Expression across cell types

II. Expression across tissues

III. Associated gene sets

GO_0016567Biological processprotein ubiquitination
GO_0045071Biological processnegative regulation of viral genome replication
GO_0032728Biological processpositive regulation of interferon-beta production
GO_0070585Biological processprotein localization to mitochondrion
GO_0032649Biological processregulation of type II interferon production
GO_0045087Biological processinnate immune response
GO_0009615Biological processresponse to virus
GO_0051607Biological processdefense response to virus
GO_0032461Biological processpositive regulation of protein oligomerization
GO_0032733Biological processpositive regulation of interleukin-10 production
GO_0019941Biological processmodification-dependent protein catabolic process
GO_0007229Biological processintegrin-mediated signaling pathway
GO_0045648Biological processpositive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
GO_0042742Biological processdefense response to bacterium
GO_0032020Biological processISG15-protein conjugation
GO_0032729Biological processpositive regulation of type II interferon production
GO_0060339Biological processnegative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
GO_0030501Biological processpositive regulation of bone mineralization
GO_0034340Biological processresponse to type I interferon
GO_0031397Biological processnegative regulation of protein ubiquitination
GO_0005576Cellular componentextracellular region
GO_0005654Cellular componentnucleoplasm
GO_0005634Cellular componentnucleus
GO_0005829Cellular componentcytosol
GO_0005737Cellular componentcytoplasm
GO_0031386Molecular functionprotein tag activity
GO_0031625Molecular functionubiquitin protein ligase binding
GO_0005178Molecular functionintegrin binding
GO_0005515Molecular functionprotein binding

IV. Literature review

[source]
Gene nameISG15
Protein nameUbiquitin-like protein ISG15 (Interferon-induced 15 kDa protein) (Interferon-induced 17 kDa protein) (IP17) (Ubiquitin cross-reactive protein) (hUCRP)
ISG15 ubiquitin like modifier
SynonymsG1P2
UCRP
DescriptionFUNCTION: Ubiquitin-like protein which plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral infection either via its conjugation to a target protein (ISGylation) or via its action as a free or unconjugated protein . ISGylation involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions involving E1, E2, and E3 enzymes which catalyze the conjugation of ISG15 to a lysine residue in the target protein . Its target proteins include IFIT1, MX1/MxA, PPM1B, UBE2L6, UBA7, CHMP5, CHMP2A, CHMP4B and CHMP6. Isgylation of the viral sensor IFIH1/MDA5 promotes IFIH1/MDA5 oligomerization and triggers activation of innate immunity against a range of viruses, including coronaviruses, flaviviruses and picornaviruses . Can also isgylate: EIF2AK2/PKR which results in its activation, RIGI which inhibits its function in antiviral signaling response, EIF4E2 which enhances its cap structure-binding activity and translation-inhibition activity, UBE2N and UBE2E1 which negatively regulates their activity, IRF3 which inhibits its ubiquitination and degradation and FLNB which prevents its ability to interact with the upstream activators of the JNK cascade thereby inhibiting IFNA-induced JNK signaling. Exhibits antiviral activity towards both DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza A, HIV-1 and Ebola virus. Restricts HIV-1 and ebola virus via disruption of viral budding. Inhibits the ubiquitination of HIV-1 Gag and host TSG101 and disrupts their interaction, thereby preventing assembly and release of virions from infected cells. Inhibits Ebola virus budding mediated by the VP40 protein by disrupting ubiquitin ligase activity of NEDD4 and its ability to ubiquitinate VP40. ISGylates influenza A virus NS1 protein which causes a loss of function of the protein and the inhibition of virus replication. The secreted form of ISG15 can: induce natural killer cell proliferation, act as a chemotactic factor for neutrophils and act as a IFN-gamma-inducing cytokine playing an essential role in antimycobacterial immunity. The secreted form acts through the integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 receptor to initiate activation of SRC family tyrosine kinases including LYN, HCK and FGR which leads to secretion of IFNG and IL10; the interaction is mediated by ITGAL . .

AccessionsENST00000649529.1
A0A096LNZ9
ENST00000624697.4
ENST00000624652.1
A0A096LPJ4
P05161