STING1 report

I. Expression across cell types

II. Expression across tissues

III. Associated gene sets

GO_0032728Biological processpositive regulation of interferon-beta production
GO_0002221Biological processpattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
GO_0051091Biological processpositive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity
GO_0060340Biological processpositive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
GO_0000045Biological processautophagosome assembly
GO_0045087Biological processinnate immune response
GO_0032092Biological processpositive regulation of protein binding
GO_0051607Biological processdefense response to virus
GO_0032481Biological processpositive regulation of type I interferon production
GO_0050727Biological processregulation of inflammatory response
GO_0070972Biological processprotein localization to endoplasmic reticulum
GO_0035458Biological processcellular response to interferon-beta
GO_0051259Biological processprotein complex oligomerization
GO_0140896Biological processcGAS/STING signaling pathway
GO_0016239Biological processpositive regulation of macroautophagy
GO_0002218Biological processactivation of innate immune response
GO_0061709Biological processreticulophagy
GO_0071360Biological processcellular response to exogenous dsRNA
GO_0002230Biological processpositive regulation of defense response to virus by host
GO_0071407Biological processcellular response to organic cyclic compound
GO_0002753Biological processcytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
GO_1902600Biological processproton transmembrane transport
GO_0045944Biological processpositive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
GO_0140374Biological processantiviral innate immune response
GO_0030667Cellular componentsecretory granule membrane
GO_0005886Cellular componentplasma membrane
GO_0048471Cellular componentperinuclear region of cytoplasm
GO_0005789Cellular componentendoplasmic reticulum membrane
GO_0000421Cellular componentautophagosome membrane
GO_0005654Cellular componentnucleoplasm
GO_0005777Cellular componentperoxisome
GO_1902554Cellular componentserine/threonine protein kinase complex
GO_0033116Cellular componentendoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
GO_0000139Cellular componentGolgi membrane
GO_1990231Cellular componentSTING complex
GO_0005829Cellular componentcytosol
GO_0005776Cellular componentautophagosome
GO_0005741Cellular componentmitochondrial outer membrane
GO_0005768Cellular componentendosome
GO_0030659Cellular componentcytoplasmic vesicle membrane
GO_0042803Molecular functionprotein homodimerization activity
GO_0015252Molecular functionproton channel activity
GO_0019901Molecular functionprotein kinase binding
GO_0031625Molecular functionubiquitin protein ligase binding
GO_0042802Molecular functionidentical protein binding
GO_0061629Molecular functionRNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
GO_0061507Molecular function2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding
GO_0035591Molecular functionsignaling adaptor activity
GO_0005515Molecular functionprotein binding
GO_0035438Molecular functioncyclic-di-GMP binding

IV. Literature review

[source]
Gene nameSTING1
Protein nameStimulator of interferon genes protein (hSTING) (Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator) (ERIS) (Mediator of IRF3 activation) (hMITA) (Transmembrane protein 173)
Stimulator of interferon genes protein
STING isoform 1
Stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1
STING isoform 2
STING isoform 3
SynonymsERIS
TMEM173
STING
MITA
DescriptionFUNCTION: Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) . Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm . Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, cyclic UMP-AMP (2',3'-cUAMP), and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol . Upon binding to c-di-GMP, cUAMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum and is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state . Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage-specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP (2'-3'-cGAMP) and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP . The preference for 2'-3'-cGAMP, compared to other linkage isomers is probably due to the ligand itself, whichs adopts an organized free-ligand conformation that resembles the STING1-bound conformation and pays low energy costs in changing into the active conformation . In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy . Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) . The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for WIPI2 recruitment and LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome . Promotes autophagy by acting as a proton channel that directs proton efflux from the Golgi to facilitate MAP1LC3B/LC3B lipidation . The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation . Autophagy is also triggered upon infection by bacteria: following c-di-GMP-binding, which is produced by live Gram-positive bacteria, promotes reticulophagy (By similarity). May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons . May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (By similarity). .; FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) Antiviral activity is antagonized by oncoproteins, such as papillomavirus (HPV) protein E7 and adenovirus early E1A protein . Such oncoproteins prevent the ability to sense cytosolic DNA . .

AccessionsENST00000672096.1
A0A3S9KRD0
ENST00000672102.1
ENST00000652271.1
J3QTB1
ENST00000651699.1
ENST00000652543.1
Q86WV6
ENST00000672865.1
A0A494C1N5
ENST00000651565.1
ENST00000652110.1
ENST00000330794.9
A0A3S9KRB7
A0A3S9KRB2
A0A494C0W5
ENST00000650883.1
A0A494C0T1