S100A8 report

I. Expression across cell types

II. Expression across tissues

III. Associated gene sets

GO_0006919Biological processactivation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
GO_0002544Biological processchronic inflammatory response
GO_0050832Biological processdefense response to fungus
GO_0006954Biological processinflammatory response
GO_0035425Biological processautocrine signaling
GO_0070488Biological processneutrophil aggregation
GO_0030307Biological processpositive regulation of cell growth
GO_0032119Biological processsequestering of zinc ion
GO_0045087Biological processinnate immune response
GO_0051493Biological processregulation of cytoskeleton organization
GO_2001244Biological processpositive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
GO_0030593Biological processneutrophil chemotaxis
GO_0002523Biological processleukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response
GO_0002790Biological processpeptide secretion
GO_0045471Biological processresponse to ethanol
GO_0051092Biological processpositive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
GO_0010043Biological processresponse to zinc ion
GO_0018119Biological processpeptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
GO_0042742Biological processdefense response to bacterium
GO_0006915Biological processapoptotic process
GO_0014002Biological processastrocyte development
GO_0006914Biological processautophagy
GO_0050729Biological processpositive regulation of inflammatory response
GO_0034121Biological processregulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
GO_0032496Biological processresponse to lipopolysaccharide
GO_0002793Biological processpositive regulation of peptide secretion
GO_0005615Cellular componentextracellular space
GO_0005856Cellular componentcytoskeleton
GO_0005576Cellular componentextracellular region
GO_0005886Cellular componentplasma membrane
GO_1990660Cellular componentcalprotectin complex
GO_0070062Cellular componentextracellular exosome
GO_0062023Cellular componentcollagen-containing extracellular matrix
GO_0034774Cellular componentsecretory granule lumen
GO_0045111Cellular componentintermediate filament cytoskeleton
GO_0005829Cellular componentcytosol
GO_0005634Cellular componentnucleus
GO_0035662Molecular functionToll-like receptor 4 binding
GO_0048306Molecular functioncalcium-dependent protein binding
GO_0008270Molecular functionzinc ion binding
GO_0008017Molecular functionmicrotubule binding
GO_0050544Molecular functionarachidonic acid binding
GO_0050786Molecular functionRAGE receptor binding
GO_0005509Molecular functioncalcium ion binding
GO_0005515Molecular functionprotein binding

IV. Literature review

[source]
Gene nameS100A8
Protein nameProtein S100-A8 (Calgranulin-A) (Calprotectin L1L subunit) (Cystic fibrosis antigen) (CFAG) (Leukocyte L1 complex light chain) (Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 8) (MRP-8) (p8) (S100 calcium-binding protein A8) (Urinary stone protein band A)
SynonymsCAGA
MRP8
CFAG
DescriptionFUNCTION: S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its pro-inflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the pro-inflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex directs selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH and probably multiple targets such as ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif; S100A8 seems to contribute to S-nitrosylation site selectivity. .; FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) Upon infection by human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, may induce expansion of aberrant immature neutrophils in a TLR4-dependent manner. .

AccessionsP05109
ENST00000368732.5
ENST00000368733.4