Name | Number of supported studies | Average coverage | |
---|---|---|---|
endothelial cell | 41 studies | 40% ± 19% | |
fibroblast | 17 studies | 31% ± 13% | |
astrocyte | 14 studies | 33% ± 16% | |
oligodendrocyte | 14 studies | 44% ± 15% | |
pericyte | 13 studies | 36% ± 24% | |
smooth muscle cell | 13 studies | 25% ± 9% | |
ciliated cell | 12 studies | 35% ± 14% | |
oligodendrocyte precursor cell | 11 studies | 32% ± 14% | |
macrophage | 11 studies | 27% ± 11% | |
endothelial cell of vascular tree | 11 studies | 32% ± 15% | |
basal cell | 11 studies | 37% ± 16% | |
GABAergic neuron | 10 studies | 47% ± 25% | |
glutamatergic neuron | 10 studies | 46% ± 25% | |
microglial cell | 9 studies | 28% ± 14% | |
adipocyte | 9 studies | 55% ± 10% | |
club cell | 8 studies | 43% ± 14% | |
goblet cell | 8 studies | 35% ± 20% | |
epithelial cell | 8 studies | 37% ± 15% | |
type I pneumocyte | 8 studies | 26% ± 7% | |
capillary endothelial cell | 7 studies | 29% ± 15% | |
endothelial cell of artery | 7 studies | 33% ± 14% | |
type II pneumocyte | 7 studies | 27% ± 9% | |
secretory cell | 7 studies | 36% ± 23% | |
hepatocyte | 6 studies | 60% ± 26% | |
non-classical monocyte | 6 studies | 21% ± 8% | |
interneuron | 6 studies | 50% ± 25% | |
retinal cone cell | 6 studies | 26% ± 5% | |
vein endothelial cell | 6 studies | 31% ± 12% | |
monocyte | 6 studies | 24% ± 6% | |
conventional dendritic cell | 5 studies | 28% ± 9% | |
neuron | 5 studies | 41% ± 17% | |
myofibroblast cell | 5 studies | 23% ± 8% | |
connective tissue cell | 5 studies | 26% ± 12% | |
plasma cell | 5 studies | 31% ± 15% | |
cardiac muscle cell | 5 studies | 62% ± 15% | |
dendritic cell | 5 studies | 22% ± 4% | |
endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel | 5 studies | 24% ± 5% | |
cholangiocyte | 4 studies | 58% ± 22% | |
endothelial cell of sinusoid | 4 studies | 36% ± 11% | |
epithelial cell of proximal tubule | 4 studies | 42% ± 23% | |
amacrine cell | 4 studies | 24% ± 2% | |
retinal pigment epithelial cell | 4 studies | 46% ± 13% | |
mesothelial cell | 4 studies | 26% ± 6% | |
Mueller cell | 4 studies | 21% ± 2% | |
enteroendocrine cell | 4 studies | 38% ± 10% | |
mucus secreting cell | 4 studies | 48% ± 16% | |
respiratory goblet cell | 4 studies | 64% ± 19% | |
glomerular endothelial cell | 3 studies | 24% ± 4% | |
GABAergic interneuron | 3 studies | 33% ± 6% | |
glial cell | 3 studies | 28% ± 10% | |
retinal ganglion cell | 3 studies | 24% ± 4% | |
myeloid cell | 3 studies | 28% ± 9% | |
duct epithelial cell | 3 studies | 37% ± 19% | |
serous secreting cell | 3 studies | 18% ± 3% | |
muscle cell | 3 studies | 35% ± 16% | |
adventitial cell | 3 studies | 26% ± 5% | |
chondrocyte | 3 studies | 32% ± 13% | |
Schwann cell | 3 studies | 30% ± 10% | |
granule cell | 3 studies | 29% ± 4% | |
kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell | 3 studies | 30% ± 6% | |
kidney loop of Henle epithelial cell | 3 studies | 22% ± 7% | |
renal alpha-intercalated cell | 3 studies | 22% ± 7% | |
luminal cell of prostate epithelium | 3 studies | 26% ± 7% |
Tissue | GTEx Coverage | GTEx Average TPM | GTEx Number of samples | TCGA Coverage | TCGA Average TPM | TCGA Number of samples |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
adrenal gland | 100% | 9262.29 | 258 / 258 | 100% | 43.35 | 230 / 230 |
prostate | 100% | 7217.67 | 245 / 245 | 100% | 32.24 | 502 / 502 |
liver | 100% | 7711.23 | 226 / 226 | 100% | 40.45 | 405 / 406 |
kidney | 100% | 6087.62 | 89 / 89 | 100% | 84.68 | 898 / 901 |
breast | 100% | 6062.06 | 459 / 459 | 100% | 42.22 | 1113 / 1118 |
pancreas | 100% | 15651.34 | 328 / 328 | 99% | 39.53 | 176 / 178 |
stomach | 100% | 4455.67 | 359 / 359 | 99% | 31.20 | 282 / 286 |
intestine | 100% | 6215.99 | 966 / 966 | 98% | 25.94 | 516 / 527 |
thymus | 100% | 6949.02 | 653 / 653 | 97% | 43.45 | 587 / 605 |
brain | 98% | 3010.03 | 2593 / 2642 | 98% | 18.75 | 689 / 705 |
bladder | 100% | 5418.10 | 21 / 21 | 95% | 20.80 | 481 / 504 |
lung | 98% | 3267.03 | 569 / 578 | 94% | 23.04 | 1086 / 1155 |
esophagus | 93% | 3943.60 | 1339 / 1445 | 97% | 29.97 | 178 / 183 |
ovary | 100% | 17005.94 | 180 / 180 | 90% | 16.82 | 385 / 430 |
skin | 98% | 3874.21 | 1780 / 1809 | 82% | 13.36 | 387 / 472 |
uterus | 100% | 9325.31 | 170 / 170 | 74% | 13.56 | 339 / 459 |
adipose | 100% | 5510.53 | 1204 / 1204 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
muscle | 100% | 5924.78 | 803 / 803 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
spleen | 100% | 21779.71 | 241 / 241 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
ureter | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 100% | 15.70 | 1 / 1 |
blood vessel | 100% | 5896.13 | 1334 / 1335 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
heart | 99% | 6099.07 | 854 / 861 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
eye | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 85% | 10.74 | 68 / 80 |
tonsil | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 71% | 12.11 | 32 / 45 |
peripheral blood | 22% | 960.70 | 207 / 929 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
lymph node | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 10% | 1.07 | 3 / 29 |
abdomen | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
bone marrow | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
diaphragm | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
gingiva | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
nasal cavity | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
nasopharynx | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
nose | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
placenta | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
spinal column | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 | 0% | 0 | 0 / 0 |
GO_0031623 | Biological process | receptor internalization |
GO_0007275 | Biological process | multicellular organism development |
GO_0007613 | Biological process | memory |
GO_0051897 | Biological process | positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction |
GO_0006468 | Biological process | protein phosphorylation |
GO_2000194 | Biological process | regulation of female gonad development |
GO_0043243 | Biological process | positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly |
GO_0007612 | Biological process | learning |
GO_0032147 | Biological process | activation of protein kinase activity |
GO_0007186 | Biological process | G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
GO_0030325 | Biological process | adrenal gland development |
GO_0045429 | Biological process | positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process |
GO_0006355 | Biological process | regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
GO_0097062 | Biological process | dendritic spine maintenance |
GO_0046777 | Biological process | protein autophosphorylation |
GO_0060267 | Biological process | positive regulation of respiratory burst |
GO_0045821 | Biological process | positive regulation of glycolytic process |
GO_0003007 | Biological process | heart morphogenesis |
GO_0045995 | Biological process | regulation of embryonic development |
GO_0032148 | Biological process | activation of protein kinase B activity |
GO_0032869 | Biological process | cellular response to insulin stimulus |
GO_0001934 | Biological process | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation |
GO_0071363 | Biological process | cellular response to growth factor stimulus |
GO_0097242 | Biological process | amyloid-beta clearance |
GO_0043406 | Biological process | positive regulation of MAP kinase activity |
GO_0051446 | Biological process | positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle |
GO_0033674 | Biological process | positive regulation of kinase activity |
GO_0046718 | Biological process | symbiont entry into host cell |
GO_0008286 | Biological process | insulin receptor signaling pathway |
GO_0045893 | Biological process | positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription |
GO_0008584 | Biological process | male gonad development |
GO_0008284 | Biological process | positive regulation of cell population proliferation |
GO_0030238 | Biological process | male sex determination |
GO_0008544 | Biological process | epidermis development |
GO_0046326 | Biological process | positive regulation of glucose import |
GO_0007169 | Biological process | cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway |
GO_0006898 | Biological process | receptor-mediated endocytosis |
GO_0150104 | Biological process | transport across blood-brain barrier |
GO_0048639 | Biological process | positive regulation of developmental growth |
GO_1990535 | Biological process | neuron projection maintenance |
GO_0031017 | Biological process | exocrine pancreas development |
GO_0043410 | Biological process | positive regulation of MAPK cascade |
GO_0002092 | Biological process | positive regulation of receptor internalization |
GO_0045725 | Biological process | positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process |
GO_0018108 | Biological process | peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation |
GO_0030335 | Biological process | positive regulation of cell migration |
GO_0045840 | Biological process | positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division |
GO_0042593 | Biological process | glucose homeostasis |
GO_0005899 | Cellular component | insulin receptor complex |
GO_0010008 | Cellular component | endosome membrane |
GO_0070062 | Cellular component | extracellular exosome |
GO_0005770 | Cellular component | late endosome |
GO_0032590 | Cellular component | dendrite membrane |
GO_0009897 | Cellular component | external side of plasma membrane |
GO_0043235 | Cellular component | receptor complex |
GO_0005886 | Cellular component | plasma membrane |
GO_0016020 | Cellular component | membrane |
GO_0005764 | Cellular component | lysosome |
GO_0030424 | Cellular component | axon |
GO_0005901 | Cellular component | caveola |
GO_0032809 | Cellular component | neuronal cell body membrane |
GO_0005635 | Cellular component | nuclear envelope |
GO_0031981 | Cellular component | nuclear lumen |
GO_0043548 | Molecular function | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding |
GO_0005009 | Molecular function | insulin receptor activity |
GO_0031995 | Molecular function | insulin-like growth factor II binding |
GO_0005524 | Molecular function | ATP binding |
GO_0038024 | Molecular function | cargo receptor activity |
GO_0001540 | Molecular function | amyloid-beta binding |
GO_0043559 | Molecular function | insulin binding |
GO_0019904 | Molecular function | protein domain specific binding |
GO_0004713 | Molecular function | protein tyrosine kinase activity |
GO_0031994 | Molecular function | insulin-like growth factor I binding |
GO_0005525 | Molecular function | GTP binding |
GO_0051425 | Molecular function | PTB domain binding |
GO_0005515 | Molecular function | protein binding |
GO_0005159 | Molecular function | insulin-like growth factor receptor binding |
GO_0044877 | Molecular function | protein-containing complex binding |
GO_0043560 | Molecular function | insulin receptor substrate binding |
Gene name | INSR |
Protein name | Insulin receptor (IR) (EC 2.7.10.1) (CD antigen CD220) [Cleaved into: Insulin receptor subunit alpha; Insulin receptor subunit beta] receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.1) Insulin receptor |
Synonyms | |
Description | FUNCTION: Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin. Binding of insulin leads to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, including, insulin receptor substrates (IRS1, 2, 3, 4), SHC, GAB1, CBL and other signaling intermediates. Each of these phosphorylated proteins serve as docking proteins for other signaling proteins that contain Src-homology-2 domains (SH2 domain) that specifically recognize different phosphotyrosine residues, including the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and SHP2. Phosphorylation of IRSs proteins lead to the activation of two main signaling pathways: the PI3K-AKT/PKB pathway, which is responsible for most of the metabolic actions of insulin, and the Ras-MAPK pathway, which regulates expression of some genes and cooperates with the PI3K pathway to control cell growth and differentiation. Binding of the SH2 domains of PI3K to phosphotyrosines on IRS1 leads to the activation of PI3K and the generation of phosphatidylinositol-(3, 4, 5)-triphosphate (PIP3), a lipid second messenger, which activates several PIP3-dependent serine/threonine kinases, such as PDPK1 and subsequently AKT/PKB. The net effect of this pathway is to produce a translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the cell membrane to facilitate glucose transport. Moreover, upon insulin stimulation, activated AKT/PKB is responsible for: anti-apoptotic effect of insulin by inducing phosphorylation of BAD; regulates the expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes by controlling the activity of the winged helix or forkhead (FOX) class of transcription factors. Another pathway regulated by PI3K-AKT/PKB activation is mTORC1 signaling pathway which regulates cell growth and metabolism and integrates signals from insulin. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 thereby activating mTORC1 pathway. The Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway is mainly involved in mediating cell growth, survival and cellular differentiation of insulin. Phosphorylated IRS1 recruits GRB2/SOS complex, which triggers the activation of the Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway. In addition to binding insulin, the insulin receptor can bind insulin-like growth factors (IGFI and IGFII). Isoform Short has a higher affinity for IGFII binding. When present in a hybrid receptor with IGF1R, binds IGF1. PubMed:12138094 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long are activated with a high affinity by IGF1, with low affinity by IGF2 and not significantly activated by insulin, and that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short are activated by IGF1, IGF2 and insulin. In contrast, PubMed:16831875 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long and hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short have similar binding characteristics, both bind IGF1 and have a low affinity for insulin. In adipocytes, inhibits lipolysis (By similarity). . |
Accessions | Q86WY9 ENST00000341500.9 [P06213-2] M0R3E6 P06213 ENST00000600492.1 ENST00000302850.10 [P06213-1] |