INSR report

I. Expression across cell types

II. Expression across tissues

III. Associated gene sets

GO_0031623Biological processreceptor internalization
GO_0007275Biological processmulticellular organism development
GO_0007613Biological processmemory
GO_0051897Biological processpositive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction
GO_0006468Biological processprotein phosphorylation
GO_2000194Biological processregulation of female gonad development
GO_0043243Biological processpositive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly
GO_0007612Biological processlearning
GO_0032147Biological processactivation of protein kinase activity
GO_0007186Biological processG protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO_0030325Biological processadrenal gland development
GO_0045429Biological processpositive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
GO_0006355Biological processregulation of DNA-templated transcription
GO_0097062Biological processdendritic spine maintenance
GO_0046777Biological processprotein autophosphorylation
GO_0060267Biological processpositive regulation of respiratory burst
GO_0045821Biological processpositive regulation of glycolytic process
GO_0003007Biological processheart morphogenesis
GO_0045995Biological processregulation of embryonic development
GO_0032148Biological processactivation of protein kinase B activity
GO_0032869Biological processcellular response to insulin stimulus
GO_0001934Biological processpositive regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO_0071363Biological processcellular response to growth factor stimulus
GO_0097242Biological processamyloid-beta clearance
GO_0043406Biological processpositive regulation of MAP kinase activity
GO_0051446Biological processpositive regulation of meiotic cell cycle
GO_0033674Biological processpositive regulation of kinase activity
GO_0046718Biological processsymbiont entry into host cell
GO_0008286Biological processinsulin receptor signaling pathway
GO_0045893Biological processpositive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
GO_0008584Biological processmale gonad development
GO_0008284Biological processpositive regulation of cell population proliferation
GO_0030238Biological processmale sex determination
GO_0008544Biological processepidermis development
GO_0046326Biological processpositive regulation of glucose import
GO_0007169Biological processcell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway
GO_0006898Biological processreceptor-mediated endocytosis
GO_0150104Biological processtransport across blood-brain barrier
GO_0048639Biological processpositive regulation of developmental growth
GO_1990535Biological processneuron projection maintenance
GO_0031017Biological processexocrine pancreas development
GO_0043410Biological processpositive regulation of MAPK cascade
GO_0002092Biological processpositive regulation of receptor internalization
GO_0045725Biological processpositive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
GO_0018108Biological processpeptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
GO_0030335Biological processpositive regulation of cell migration
GO_0045840Biological processpositive regulation of mitotic nuclear division
GO_0042593Biological processglucose homeostasis
GO_0005899Cellular componentinsulin receptor complex
GO_0010008Cellular componentendosome membrane
GO_0070062Cellular componentextracellular exosome
GO_0005770Cellular componentlate endosome
GO_0032590Cellular componentdendrite membrane
GO_0009897Cellular componentexternal side of plasma membrane
GO_0043235Cellular componentreceptor complex
GO_0005886Cellular componentplasma membrane
GO_0016020Cellular componentmembrane
GO_0005764Cellular componentlysosome
GO_0030424Cellular componentaxon
GO_0005901Cellular componentcaveola
GO_0032809Cellular componentneuronal cell body membrane
GO_0005635Cellular componentnuclear envelope
GO_0031981Cellular componentnuclear lumen
GO_0043548Molecular functionphosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding
GO_0005009Molecular functioninsulin receptor activity
GO_0031995Molecular functioninsulin-like growth factor II binding
GO_0005524Molecular functionATP binding
GO_0038024Molecular functioncargo receptor activity
GO_0001540Molecular functionamyloid-beta binding
GO_0043559Molecular functioninsulin binding
GO_0019904Molecular functionprotein domain specific binding
GO_0004713Molecular functionprotein tyrosine kinase activity
GO_0031994Molecular functioninsulin-like growth factor I binding
GO_0005525Molecular functionGTP binding
GO_0051425Molecular functionPTB domain binding
GO_0005515Molecular functionprotein binding
GO_0005159Molecular functioninsulin-like growth factor receptor binding
GO_0044877Molecular functionprotein-containing complex binding
GO_0043560Molecular functioninsulin receptor substrate binding

IV. Literature review

[source]
Gene nameINSR
Protein nameInsulin receptor (IR) (EC 2.7.10.1) (CD antigen CD220) [Cleaved into: Insulin receptor subunit alpha; Insulin receptor subunit beta]
receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.1)
Insulin receptor
Synonyms
DescriptionFUNCTION: Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin. Binding of insulin leads to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, including, insulin receptor substrates (IRS1, 2, 3, 4), SHC, GAB1, CBL and other signaling intermediates. Each of these phosphorylated proteins serve as docking proteins for other signaling proteins that contain Src-homology-2 domains (SH2 domain) that specifically recognize different phosphotyrosine residues, including the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and SHP2. Phosphorylation of IRSs proteins lead to the activation of two main signaling pathways: the PI3K-AKT/PKB pathway, which is responsible for most of the metabolic actions of insulin, and the Ras-MAPK pathway, which regulates expression of some genes and cooperates with the PI3K pathway to control cell growth and differentiation. Binding of the SH2 domains of PI3K to phosphotyrosines on IRS1 leads to the activation of PI3K and the generation of phosphatidylinositol-(3, 4, 5)-triphosphate (PIP3), a lipid second messenger, which activates several PIP3-dependent serine/threonine kinases, such as PDPK1 and subsequently AKT/PKB. The net effect of this pathway is to produce a translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the cell membrane to facilitate glucose transport. Moreover, upon insulin stimulation, activated AKT/PKB is responsible for: anti-apoptotic effect of insulin by inducing phosphorylation of BAD; regulates the expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes by controlling the activity of the winged helix or forkhead (FOX) class of transcription factors. Another pathway regulated by PI3K-AKT/PKB activation is mTORC1 signaling pathway which regulates cell growth and metabolism and integrates signals from insulin. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 thereby activating mTORC1 pathway. The Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway is mainly involved in mediating cell growth, survival and cellular differentiation of insulin. Phosphorylated IRS1 recruits GRB2/SOS complex, which triggers the activation of the Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway. In addition to binding insulin, the insulin receptor can bind insulin-like growth factors (IGFI and IGFII). Isoform Short has a higher affinity for IGFII binding. When present in a hybrid receptor with IGF1R, binds IGF1. PubMed:12138094 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long are activated with a high affinity by IGF1, with low affinity by IGF2 and not significantly activated by insulin, and that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short are activated by IGF1, IGF2 and insulin. In contrast, PubMed:16831875 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long and hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short have similar binding characteristics, both bind IGF1 and have a low affinity for insulin. In adipocytes, inhibits lipolysis (By similarity). .

AccessionsQ86WY9
ENST00000341500.9 [P06213-2]
M0R3E6
P06213
ENST00000600492.1
ENST00000302850.10 [P06213-1]