GCG report

I. Expression across cell types

II. Expression across tissues

III. Associated gene sets

GO_0050796Biological processregulation of insulin secretion
GO_0007188Biological processadenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO_1900118Biological processnegative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
GO_0007631Biological processfeeding behavior
GO_0033138Biological processpositive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
GO_0010737Biological processprotein kinase A signaling
GO_0014823Biological processresponse to activity
GO_0035774Biological processpositive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus
GO_0045722Biological processpositive regulation of gluconeogenesis
GO_0007186Biological processG protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO_0043066Biological processnegative regulation of apoptotic process
GO_0006094Biological processgluconeogenesis
GO_0071377Biological processcellular response to glucagon stimulus
GO_0007189Biological processadenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO_0010800Biological processpositive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
GO_0070374Biological processpositive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
GO_0042593Biological processglucose homeostasis
GO_0090280Biological processpositive regulation of calcium ion import
GO_0005615Cellular componentextracellular space
GO_0005576Cellular componentextracellular region
GO_0005886Cellular componentplasma membrane
GO_0034774Cellular componentsecretory granule lumen
GO_0005788Cellular componentendoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO_0005179Molecular functionhormone activity
GO_0042802Molecular functionidentical protein binding
GO_0005102Molecular functionsignaling receptor binding
GO_0031769Molecular functionglucagon receptor binding
GO_0005515Molecular functionprotein binding

IV. Literature review

[source]
Gene nameGCG
Protein namePro-glucagon [Cleaved into: Glicentin; Glicentin-related polypeptide (GRPP); Oxyntomodulin (OXM) (OXY); Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (Incretin hormone); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) (GLP-1(7-37)); Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)); Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2)]
Synonyms
DescriptionFUNCTION: [Glucagon]: Plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes. .; FUNCTION: [Glucagon-like peptide 1]: Potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin release. Also stimulates insulin release in response to IL6 . Plays important roles on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin. Has growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin secretion. Increases islet mass through stimulation of islet neogenesis and pancreatic beta cell proliferation. Inhibits beta cell apoptosis (Probable). .; FUNCTION: [Glucagon-like peptide 2]: Stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action. Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability. .; FUNCTION: [Oxyntomodulin]: Significantly reduces food intake. Inhibits gastric emptying in humans. Suppression of gastric emptying may lead to increased gastric distension, which may contribute to satiety by causing a sensation of fullness. .; FUNCTION: [Glicentin]: May modulate gastric acid secretion and the gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity. May play an important role in intestinal mucosal growth in the early period of life. .

AccessionsENST00000375497.3
ENST00000418842.7
P01275